Invertebrates as disturbance bioindicators in the Manu Biosphere Reserve

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doi:10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72i1.56199

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Artículo • Rev. biol. trop 72 (1) • 01 jan-dec 2024 • https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72i1.56199 linkcopy

Invertebrates as disturbance bioindicators in the Manu Biosphere Reserve

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction: Bioindicator monitoring is a crucial conservation strategy within natural protected areas. Various taxonomic groups have been investigated as bioindicators due to their distinctive attributes, including ease of sampling, differential responses to disturbances, associations with species richness, and accessible taxonomy.

Objective: To compare the potential of four taxa (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, and Pompilidae) as environmental bioindicators, considering their ease of collection, presence of changes in community composition due to disturbances, including species with preferences for disturbed or conserved areas; and to correlate their diversity with the diversity of other taxa.

Methods: The study was conducted at the Manu Learning Centre Biological Station in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, which comprises three areas along a disturbance gradient. Specimens were collected using pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, Malaise traps, and monoliths from May to June in 2021. Ease of collection was measured in terms of richness and abundance; changes in the community composition were assessed using similarity analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and beta diversity partitioning; presence of species with preferences was analyzed using correspondence analysis and G. Williams’ goodness-of-fir test; and diversity correlation using the Spearman index.

Results: Among the taxa investigated, Scarabaeidae and Pompilidae were the easiest to collect. Changes in composition were observed in all taxa but were significant only in Chilopoda and Scarabaeidae. All taxa exhibited species with preferences for disturbed and undisturbed environments. There was a high correlation in diversities among Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Chilopoda.

Conclusions: Our findings underscore the diverse responses exhibited by taxa along a disturbance gradient. Notably, Scarabaeidae and Chilopoda emerged as particularly robust bioindicators within the studied ecosystem.

Key words: conservation; wasps; chilopods; beetles; ecology.

CARABIDAE	CCR	PCR	SLR	Pref.	G	P
Loxandrus nicki	0	0	1	*	*	*
Ancystroglosus punctatus	0	1	3	SLR	4.290	0.12
Apenes sp.1	2	0	2	No	3.244	0.20
Distichus angustiformis	0	4	0	PCR	8.789	< 0.05
Euprocinus sp.1	0	1	3	SLR	4.290	0.12
Galerita aequinoctialis	0	0	1	*	*	*
Galerita inca	0	1	8	SLR	13.496	< 0.05
Harpales sp.	0	1	0	*	*	*
Lebia luteocincta	0	0	1	*	*	*
Lebia soror	3	2	33	SLR	47.172	< 0.05
Lebia sp.2	2	1	2	No	0.437	0.80
Lebia xanthopleura	7	0	2	PCR	10.240	< 0.05
Lebia sp.1	1	1	3	SLR	1.483	0.48
Loxandrus irideus	5	6	1	PCR	4.324	0.12
Loxandrus similis	0	1	1	*	1.622	0.44
Loxandrus sp.1	2	0	0	*	4.394	0.11
Notiobia glabrata	7	7	0	No	11.353	< 0.05
Notiobia maxima	0	1	9	SLR	15.471	< 0.05
Notiobia pseudolimbipennis	4	6	5	No	0.403	0.82
Odontocheila luridipes	0	3	0	PCR	6.592	< 0.05
Odontocheila rufiscapis	59	138	23	PCR	95.497	< 0.05
Pentacomia sp.1	1	0	0	*	*	*
Pentagonica maculicornis	0	0	1	*	*	*
Pentagonica sp.1	1	4	2	PCR	2.001	0.37
Pericales sp.1	0	1	0	*	*	*
Scarites sp.1	0	0	1	*	*	*
Total	94	179	102

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Universidad de Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, 2060 San José, Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, CR, 2060, 2511-5500 , 2511-5550 - E-mail: rbt@biologia.ucr.ac.cr

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[TFN1] CCR: Bosque completamente clareado; PCR; Bosque parcialmente clareado; SLR: Bosque selectivamente talado; G: Ajuste G de Williams; P: Significancia del ajuste; Pref. Preferencias; * especies raras. / CCR. completely cleared forest; PCR: Forest partly cleared; SLR: Selectively logged forest; G: Williams G goodness of fit; P. significance; Pref. Preferences; * rare species.

CHILOPODA	CCR	PCR	SLR	Pref.	G	P
Cryptops sp.1	4	0	14	SLR	20.481	< 0.05
Geophilus sp.1	31	21	52	SLR	14.185	< 0.05
Newportia sp.1	1	0	0	*	*	*
Newportia longitarsis	0	1	0	*	*	*
Newportia sp.2	0	0	1	*	*	*
Newportia weyrauchi	1	1	8	SLR	9.192	< 0.05
Orphaneus brevilabiatus	14	0	0	CCR	30.761	< 0.05
Otostigmus amazonae	6	7	3	PCR	1.768	< 0.05
Otostigmus pococki	0	0	1	*	*	*
Otostigmus scabricauda	1	4	7	SLR	5.062	< 0.05
Otostigmus sp.1	0	0	1	*	*	*
Rhysida celeris	6	8	11	SLR	1.513	< 0.05
Scolopendra galapagoensis	1	1	1	*	*	*
Scolopocryptops ferrugineus	1	1	1	*	*	*
Lithobius sp.1	0	3	4	SLR	5.820	< 0.05
Total	66	47	104

		B-bal	Bal %	B-gra	Gra %	B-total
Chilopoda	CCR-PCR	0.2128	61.6476	0.1324	38.3524	0.3451
	PCR-SLR	0.1064	23.9759	0.3373	76.0241	0.4437
	CCR-SLR	0.2727	62.6536	0.1626	37.3464	0.4353
	General	0.2619	53.2540	0.2299	46.7460	0.4918
Scarabaeidae	CCR-PCR	0.0463	15.5500	0.2513	84.4500	0.2976
	PCR-SLR	0.3520	79.7943	0.0891	20.2057	0.4411
	CCR-SLR	0.3702	81.8072	0.0823	18.1928	0.4526
	General	0.3274	69.7238	0.1421	30.2762	0.4695
Carabidae	CCR-PCR	0.1489	35.9819	0.2650	64.0181	0.4139
	PCR-SLR	0.6078	84.9771	0.1075	15.0229	0.7153
	CCR-SLR	0.5851	97.1872	0.0169	2.8128	0.6020
	General	0.5097	80.7069	0.1219	19.2931	0.6316
Pompilidae	CCR-PCR	0.3478	66.8896	0.1722	33.1104	0.5200
	PCR-SLR	0.4250	69.2808	0.1884	30.7192	0.6134
	CCR-SLR	0.5000	93.4783	0.0349	6.5217	0.5349
	General	0.4862	78.2210	0.1354	21.7790	0.6216

SCARABAEIDAE	CCR	PCR	SLR	Pref.	G	P
Anomiopus brevipes	2	7	4	PCR	2.981	0.23
Ateuchus sp.1	0	0	6	SLR	13.183	< 0.05
Ateuchus sp.2	3	3	1	No	1.321	0.52
Canthidium sp.1	3	7	20	SLR	15.509	< 0.05
Canthidium sp.2	2	6	19	SLR	17.512	< 0.05
Canthidium sp.3	0	4	6	SLR	8.512	< 0.05
Canthidium sp.4	37	47	31	PCR	3.375	0.19
Canthidium sp.5	0	4	7	SLR	9.749	< 0.05
Coprophaneus telamon	134	123	89	CCR	9.900	< 0.05
Deltochillum achamas	0	0	14	SLR	30.761	< 0.05
Deltochillum amazonicum	1	2	5	SLR	3.174	0.21
Deltochillum carinatum	103	130	47	PCR	41.968	< 0.05
Deltochillum orbiculare	4	13	4	PCR	7.141	< 0.05
Deltochillum sp.1	134	157	45	PCR	72.051	< 0.05
Deltochillum sp.2	12	25	60	SLR	37.540	< 0.05
Deltochillum sp.3	19	25	76	SLR	45.773	< 0.05
Deltochillum sp.4	48	64	57	PCR	2.305	0.32
Dichotomius fortestriatus	0	14	5	PCR	19.847	< 0.05
Dichotomius mamilatus	0	1	0	*	*	*
Euristerenus cayennensis	1	1	14	SLR	20.326	< 0.05
Eurysternus caribaeus	2	9	20	SLR	17.359	< 0.05
Ontherus raptor	0	1	0	*	*	*
Onthophagus xanthomerus	38	317	76	PCR	303.890	< 0.05
Onthophagus haematopus	0	2	1	*	*	0.25
Onthophagus sp.1.	0	11	64	SLR	102.259	< 0.05
Oxysternum silenus	0	0	2	*	4.394	0.10
Oxysternum spiniferum	0	0	1	*	*	*
Phaneus cambeforti	28	11	2	CCR	27.703	< 0.05
Scybalocanthon sp.1	0	0	3	*	6.592	< 0.05
Scybalocanthon aureus	34	54	107	SLR	42.577	< 0.05
Sylvicanthon attenboroughi	0	0	1	*	*	*
Total	605	1 038	787

POMPILIDAE	CCR	PCR	SLR	Preferencia	G value	P value
Anoplius varius	1	4	2	PCR	2.001	0.37
Ageniella sp.5	1	0	0	*	*	*
Ageniella caerulea	0	0	1	*	*	*
Ageniella moesta	0	1	0	*	*	*
Ageniella sp.1	3	17	3	PCR	15.816	< 0.05
Ageniella sp.2	2	0	0	*	4.394	0.11
Ageniella sp.3	3	3	2	No	0.263	0.88
Ageniella sp.4	3	4	3	No	0.194	0.91
Ageniella sp.6	1	0	0	*	*	*
Ageniella sp.7	1	0	1	*	1.622	0.44
Ageniella volatilis	3	0	0	*	6.592	< 0.05
Ageniella. sanguinolenta	2	1	0	*	2.773	0.25
Anoplius sp.1	1	0	0	*	*	*
Aplochares imitator	1	2	0	*	2.773	0.25
Aporus canescens	3	4	11	SLR	5.932	< 0.05
Auplopus sp.2	1	0	0	*	*	*
Caliadurgus modesta	1	0	0	*	*	*
Ceropales sp.	0	1	0	*	*	*
Eragenia congrua	1	0	2	*	2.773	0.25
Irenangelus ichneumoides	2	4	0	PCR	5.545	0.06
Minagenia peruanus	2	2	2	No	0.000	1.00
Notocyphus maculifrons	0	3	0	*	6.592	< 0.05
Notocyphus brevicornis	0	0	1	rara	*	*
Notocyphus deceptus	0	4	2	PCR	5.545	0.06
Notocyphus nigrinus	0	1	0	*	*	*
Notocyphus nubilipennis	0	1	0	*	*	*
Notocyphus pallidipennis	0	0	1	*	*	*
Notocyphus thetis	6	11	1	PCR	9.751	< 0.05
Notocyphus tyrannicus	0	1	0	*	*	*
Notocyphus variegatus	1	1	0	*	1.622	0.44
Notocyphus vindex	0	4	0	PCR	8.789	< 0.05
Pompilocallus potty	0	1	0	*	*	*
Priochilus formosus	0	0	1	*	*	*
Priochilus opacifrons	1	0	0	*	*	*
Priochilus scrupulus	2	4	2	PCR	0.942	0.62
Priochilus sericeifrons	0	1	1	*	1.622	0.44
Priochilus varaepacis	2	3	0	PCR	4.256	0.12
Priochilus vitulinus	0	1	3	SLR	4.290	0.12
Priocnemella hexagona	2	0	1	*	2.773	0.25
Total	46	79	40