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doi:10.15517/rbt.v63i2.23164

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Artículo • Rev. biol. trop 63 (Suppl 2) • June 2015 • https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i2.23164 linkcopy

Histological analysis after arm tip amputation in the brittle star Ophioplocus januarii (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Análisis histológico luego de la amputación de las puntas de los brazos en Ophioplocus januarii (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Wound healing in the arm tip after amputation in the brittle star Ophioplocus januarii was examined in San José gulf, Argentina, to observe histological and morphological changes. The process of wound healing is described and compared with other brittle stars species. This process in O. januarii involves the closure of the wound, the repair of the tissue damage and posterior formation of a presumptive stalked blastema by undifferentiated cells, sclerocytes and presumptive blastemic cells. The sclerocytes are the most abundant cell type due to this cells are crucial to the future skeleton regeneration. The results found in this study support the results found in others brittle stars Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 297-308. Epub 2015 June 01.

Key words: brittle star; echinoderm; histological analysis; regeneration; sclerocytes

Authorship

Gisele Di Giorgio

Laboratorio de Parasitología, CENPAT-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; digiorgio@cenpat.edu.arCONICETArgentinaPuerto Madryn, Chubut, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Parasitología, CENPAT-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; digiorgio@cenpat.edu.ar

Tamara Rubilar

LAPEMAR, CENPAT-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; rubilar@cenpat.edu.arCONICETArgentinaPuerto Madryn, Chubut, ArgentinaLAPEMAR, CENPAT-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; rubilar@cenpat.edu.ar

Martín I. Brogger

Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, MACN-CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina; LARBIM, CENPAT-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; mbrogger@bg.fcen.uba.arCONICETArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, MACN-CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina; LARBIM, CENPAT-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; mbrogger@bg.fcen.uba.ar

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

Thumbnail

Fig. 1
Scanning Electronic Microscope images. Frontal view of the amputated arm tip at different times post amputation (dpa). (A) 2 dpa, denote the strongly concave shape (arrow) covered by the external skeletal shields and a thin epithelium. (B) 4 dpa, denote the flattened shape and the disorganized tissue (asterisk). (C) 6 dpa and (D) 8 dpa, denote the loss of the concave shape and the organized tissue (asterisk) and the calcium deposits (arrowhead). (E) 11 dpa and (F) 16 dpa, denote the ossicles in formation (arrows) and the growth of the arm (asterisk). AAP aboral arm plate, LS lateral shield, OAP oral arm plate, P podia, S spine. Scale bars: 500 µm.

Thumbnail

Fig. 2
Detail of cells involved in the regeneration process. (A) Coelomocytes (arrow). (B) Sclerocytes. (C) Granule cells. (D) Presumptive blastemic cells. Note the two nuclei of the cell (arrow). (E) Phagocytes. (F) Cells in mitosis. (G) Cells with cytoplasmic expansions. (H) Amoebocytes. (I) Cell in differentiation. Scale bars: 1: 5 μm; 2: 10 μm; 3: 20 μm.

Thumbnail

Fig. 3
Sagittal sections of the regenerating arm tip of Ophioplocus januarii. A-C 2 dpa. (A) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the concave shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (B) Detail of a. Denote the thin epithelium covering the wound. The central area is disorganized and discontinuous (arrowhead). The peripheral regions are more organized (arrow). (C) Detail of b. denotes the presence of various cell types; cells with cytoplasmic expansions (arrowhead) and phagocytes (arrow). D-F 4 dpa. (D) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the smooth concave shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (E) Detail of d. Denote the scar epithelium, is more organized and thicker (arrowhead). Under the epithelium there is a large amount of secreted fibers (arrow). (F) Detail of e. Denote the distal end of the channels sealed by sclerocytes. G-I 6 dpa. (G) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the wound surface (arrowhead). (H) Detail of g, there are areas with high cellular density (arrowhead). (I) Detail of h. Denote the shape of the epithelium (arrow) and the more abundant cells (sclerocytes) (arrowhead). AAP aboral arms plate, C coelomic cavity, CT connective tissue, E epineural sinus, H hyponeural sinus, L interosciculars ligaments, M muscle, OAP oral arm plate, P podia, V vertebral ossicle. Scale bars: 1: 200 μm, 2: 50 μm, 3: 10 μm, 4: 500 μm; 5: 100 μm.

Thumbnail

Fig. 4
Sagittal section of the regenerating arm tip of Ophioplocus januarii. A-C 8 dpa. (A) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the straight shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (B) Detail of c. Denote the injured surface with intense cellular activity, immersed in a dense disorganized connective tissue (arrow). (C) Detail of b. Denote the large cell accumulation in close association with the nerve. D-F 16 dpa. (D) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the flattened shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (E) Detail of d. Denote the formation of new sclerocytes at the aboral extremity of the wound (arrow). (F) Detail of e. Denote the organized epithelium (arrowhead) and the loose connective tissue fibers below it (arrow). G-I 20 dpa. (G) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote a protrusion in the oral surface (arrowhead). (H) Detail of g. Denote an accumulation of cells proximal to the nerve. (I) Detail of h. Denote the organized area formed by sclerocytes (arrowhead). AAP aboral arm plate, C coelomic cavity, CT connective tissue, E epineural sinus, G ganglion, H hyponeural sinus, L interosciculars ligaments, M muscle, N nerve, OAP oral arm plate, P podia, V vertebral ossicle. Scale bars: 1: 200 μm; 2: 50 μm; 3: 100 μm; 4: 20 μm.

Thumbnail

Fig. 5
Sagittal sections of the regenerating arm tip of Ophioplocus januarii. A-D 30 dpa. (A) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the stalked presumptive blastema at the end of the arm, characterized by the presence of undifferentiated cells. (B) Detail of the stalked presumptive blastema. Denote the formation of trabeculae in the blastema area (arrowhead). (C) Detail of a, denote the abundance of presumptive blastemal cells (arrow) but also there are fibers of the connective tissue (arrowhead). (D) Detail of the stalked presumptive blastema. Denote presumptive blastemic cells (arrow) and sclerocytes (arrowhead). Scale bars: 1: 200 μm; 2: 50 μm; 3: 10 μm.

imageFig. 1 Scanning Electronic Microscope images. Frontal view of the amputated arm tip at different times post amputation (dpa). (A) 2 dpa, denote the strongly concave shape (arrow) covered by the external skeletal shields and a thin epithelium. (B) 4 dpa, denote the flattened shape and the disorganized tissue (asterisk). (C) 6 dpa and (D) 8 dpa, denote the loss of the concave shape and the organized tissue (asterisk) and the calcium deposits (arrowhead). (E) 11 dpa and (F) 16 dpa, denote the ossicles in formation (arrows) and the growth of the arm (asterisk). AAP aboral arm plate, LS lateral shield, OAP oral arm plate, P podia, S spine. Scale bars: 500 µm. open_in_new

imageFig. 2 Detail of cells involved in the regeneration process. (A) Coelomocytes (arrow). (B) Sclerocytes. (C) Granule cells. (D) Presumptive blastemic cells. Note the two nuclei of the cell (arrow). (E) Phagocytes. (F) Cells in mitosis. (G) Cells with cytoplasmic expansions. (H) Amoebocytes. (I) Cell in differentiation. Scale bars: 1: 5 μm; 2: 10 μm; 3: 20 μm. open_in_new

imageFig. 3 Sagittal sections of the regenerating arm tip of Ophioplocus januarii. A-C 2 dpa. (A) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the concave shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (B) Detail of a. Denote the thin epithelium covering the wound. The central area is disorganized and discontinuous (arrowhead). The peripheral regions are more organized (arrow). (C) Detail of b. denotes the presence of various cell types; cells with cytoplasmic expansions (arrowhead) and phagocytes (arrow). D-F 4 dpa. (D) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the smooth concave shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (E) Detail of d. Denote the scar epithelium, is more organized and thicker (arrowhead). Under the epithelium there is a large amount of secreted fibers (arrow). (F) Detail of e. Denote the distal end of the channels sealed by sclerocytes. G-I 6 dpa. (G) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the wound surface (arrowhead). (H) Detail of g, there are areas with high cellular density (arrowhead). (I) Detail of h. Denote the shape of the epithelium (arrow) and the more abundant cells (sclerocytes) (arrowhead). AAP aboral arms plate, C coelomic cavity, CT connective tissue, E epineural sinus, H hyponeural sinus, L interosciculars ligaments, M muscle, OAP oral arm plate, P podia, V vertebral ossicle. Scale bars: 1: 200 μm, 2: 50 μm, 3: 10 μm, 4: 500 μm; 5: 100 μm. open_in_new

imageFig. 4 Sagittal section of the regenerating arm tip of Ophioplocus januarii. A-C 8 dpa. (A) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the straight shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (B) Detail of c. Denote the injured surface with intense cellular activity, immersed in a dense disorganized connective tissue (arrow). (C) Detail of b. Denote the large cell accumulation in close association with the nerve. D-F 16 dpa. (D) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the flattened shape of the wound surface (arrowhead). (E) Detail of d. Denote the formation of new sclerocytes at the aboral extremity of the wound (arrow). (F) Detail of e. Denote the organized epithelium (arrowhead) and the loose connective tissue fibers below it (arrow). G-I 20 dpa. (G) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote a protrusion in the oral surface (arrowhead). (H) Detail of g. Denote an accumulation of cells proximal to the nerve. (I) Detail of h. Denote the organized area formed by sclerocytes (arrowhead). AAP aboral arm plate, C coelomic cavity, CT connective tissue, E epineural sinus, G ganglion, H hyponeural sinus, L interosciculars ligaments, M muscle, N nerve, OAP oral arm plate, P podia, V vertebral ossicle. Scale bars: 1: 200 μm; 2: 50 μm; 3: 100 μm; 4: 20 μm. open_in_new

imageFig. 5 Sagittal sections of the regenerating arm tip of Ophioplocus januarii. A-D 30 dpa. (A) Overview of the arm tip in regeneration. Denote the stalked presumptive blastema at the end of the arm, characterized by the presence of undifferentiated cells. (B) Detail of the stalked presumptive blastema. Denote the formation of trabeculae in the blastema area (arrowhead). (C) Detail of a, denote the abundance of presumptive blastemal cells (arrow) but also there are fibers of the connective tissue (arrowhead). (D) Detail of the stalked presumptive blastema. Denote presumptive blastemic cells (arrow) and sclerocytes (arrowhead). Scale bars: 1: 200 μm; 2: 50 μm; 3: 10 μm. open_in_new

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Universidad de Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, 2060 San José, Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, CR, 2060, 2511-5500 , 2511-5550 - E-mail: rbt@biologia.ucr.ac.cr

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