Effect of Different Silane Treatments on Long-Term Bonding Between Non-Etched Glass-Ceramic and Resin Cement

Efecto de diferentes tratamientos con silano en la resistencia de unión entre cerámica vítrea no condicionada y cemento resinoso en largo plazo de almacenamiento

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study evaluated the bond strength between glass-ceramic and resin cement, using different silane treatments, performing no previous hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching on ceramic surface, after short- and long- term storage. One hundred and eighty glass-ceramic plaques (IPS e.max CAD®) were polished and divided into six groups (n=30) to receive different silane treatments: (1) RCP-RelyX Ceramic Primer® (one-bottle silane), (2) RCP+SB-RelyX Ceramic Primer and Adper Singlebond2® (silane plus separated adhesive), (3) SBU-Scotchbond Universal® (silane-containing universal adhesive), (4) CP-Clearfil Ceramic Primer® (silane/MDP primer), (5) NC-no-silane (negative control) and (6) PC-Previous HF etching (5%, 20s) plus RelyX Ceramic Primer® (positive control). Two resin cement cylinders (Rely X Ultimate®) were built on each plaque. Each group was divided into two sub-groups to be stored for 24 hours (24h) or 6 months (6mo) in distilled water at 37°C (n=15). Then microshear (µSBS) testing was performed. Failure mode was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (α=0.05). Both factors and their interaction resulted statistically significant (p≤0.05). PC obtained the highest µSBS values (in MPa) at both storage times (24h: 28.11±2.44; 6mo: 19.10±3.85). After 24h storage, groups RCP+SB (10.86±3.62), SBU (8.37±4.33) and CP (8.05±3.62) were not statistically different from NC (8.00±2.51); only RCP (19.73±4.63) and PC obtained higher values. After 6 months, only PC showed higher values than NC (0.04±0.01). Cohesive failure in resin cement was more prevalent for RCP-24h and PC, while adhesive failure was more frequent among all other groups. Clinical relevance: None of the commercially available silane primers tested, improve long- term ceramic/cement bonding without performing HF etching on ceramic surface. Combination of HF acid and silane, remain as a gold standard treatment for glass-ceramic materials.

Keywords: Silane; Glass-ceramics; Lithium disilicate; Multi-mode adhesives; Cementation; Ceramic bonding; Hydrofluoric acid

Material	Lot.	Composition*	Manufacturer
Rely X Ceramic Primer	N406850	MPS, Ethanol, Water	3M ESPE St. Paul, MN, USA
Clearfil Ceramic Primer	00023D	MPS, MDP, Ethanol	Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Okayama, Japan
Single Bond Universal Adhesive (Scotchbond Universal in the USA)	504115	MDP, Dimethacrylate resins, HEMA, Vitrebond TM Copolymer, Filler, Ethanol, Water, Initiators, Silane	3M ESPE St. Paul, MN, USA/Neuss, Germany
Adper Singlebond 2(Adper Singlebond Plus in the USA)	N334650BR	Bis-GMA, HEMA, dimethacrylates, ethanol, water, photoinitiators, a methacrylate functional copolymer of polyacrylic and polyitaconic acids and silica nanofiller	3M ESPE Sumaré, SP, Brazil

Silane/ Storage	24	hours	6	months
RCP		(4.63) B	1.70	(2.15) DE
RCP+SB		(3.62) C	0.84	(0.05) E
SBU	8.37	(4.33) CD	0.27	(0.06) E
CP	8.05	(3.62) CD	0.30	(0.04) E
NC	8.00	(2.51) CD	0.04	(0.01) E
PC	28.11	(2.44) A	19.10	(3.85) B

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None Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro, San José, San José, CR, 2060, 2511-8102, 2234-9207 - E-mail: odontos.fo@ucr.ac.cr

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[TFN1] *MPS, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (pre-hydrolyzed silane); MDP, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; HEMA, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; Bis-GMA, Bisphenol Adiglycidyl ether dimethacrilate.

Groups	Treatment Protocol
RCP (RelyX Ceramic Primer-Conventional-One bottle silane)	No previous HF etching, application of Rely X Ceramic Primer in one coat, reacts for 1 minute and air-dried for 20 s.
RCP+SB (RelyX Ceramic Primer plus Adper Singlebond 2- Silane and separated adhesive)	No previous HF etching, application of Rely X Ceramic Primer in one coat, reacts for 1 minute and air-dried for 20 s and also application of Adper Singlebond 2, also in one coat and air-dried for 5s.
SBU (Scotchbond Universal adhesive-Silane-containing multi-mode adhesive)	No previous HF etching, active application of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive for 20s, and air-dried for 5s.
CP (Clearfil Ceramic Primer- Silane/MDP primer)	No previous HF etching, application of Clearfil Ceramic Primer in one coat, reacts for 1 minute and air-dried for 20 s.
NC (Negative Control)	No previous HF etching, nor silane primer.
PC (Positive Control)	Previous HF etching (5%, 20 s) on ceramic surface and posterior application of Rely X Ceramic Primer in one coat, reacts for 1 minute and air-dried for 20 s.