The infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modifies the course of the infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) through several mechanisms: increasing the chronicity rate, extending the HBV viremia and increasing the morbidity related to liver disease. The treatment for both infections should be coordinated to avoid HIV or HBV resistance, as well as greater alterations in hepatic enzymes. Monotherapy with lamivudine or emtricitabine rapidly select mutant strains of HBV and HIV. Monotherapy with adefovir has a moderate effectiveness in co-infected patients who already have mutations. If the HBV treatment can be postponed until the combined antiretroviral therapy of HIV is necessary, these patients should receive a combination of tenofovir and lamivudine (or emtricitabine). This provides a potent therapy against HBV and comprises a good central axis for antiretroviral therapy and it would prevent the variants selections of HBV resistance.

hepatitis B virus; HIV; co-infection