Nature of the Genetic Material (Question Number 13) |
The relationship between DNA and chromosomes in higher organisms is... |
A. Chromosomes are found in DNA. |
B. DNA is found in chromosomes. |
C. There is no difference between DNA and chromosomes. |
D. DNA and chromosomes are completely separate structures. |
E. Chromosomes produce DNA. |
Gene Transmission (Question Number 6) |
Sometimes a trait seems to disappear in a family and then reappears in the next generation. If neither parent has the trait, but some of the offspring do, then what you will conclude about the inheritance of the trait is... |
A. Both parents are carriers of the recessive gene. |
B. Only one parent has two breaks in the recessive gene. |
C. Only one of the parents has the dominant form of the gene. |
D. Only one parent has the recessive gene. |
E. It is most likely the result of a new mutation in each parent. |
Gene Regulation (Question Number 14) |
Regarding complex traits such as IQ, lung cancer, prostate cancer, etc., here is what geneticists describe regarding the contribution of a person’s genetic makeup and the environment: … |
A. The environment determines the potential of a trait; how much that potential is realized depends on the individual’s genetic makeup. |
B. Each person increases genetic potential; how much potential can be realized depends on the environment. |
C. Geneticists usually accept that most traits are largely determined by genetics with environment having little influence on complex traits. |
D. Environment plays a major role in determining complex traits, with genetics playing a relatively minor role. |
E. Genetic differences among humans are so small that essentially all of the variation observed among individuals is due to the |
environment in which they were raised. |
Gene Expression (Question Number 10) |
A woman is told that she carries a mutation linked to breast cancer. The following statements that show how this affects her chances of getting breast cancer are... … |
A. The risk will not be different from that of other healthy women. |
B. She is unlikely to get breast cancer. |
C. She is at increased risk of breast cancer. |
D. She will get breast cancer. |
Skill Dimensions: |
Argumentation (Question Number 24) |
Based on 2020 Global Cancer Observatory (Globocan) data, cervical cancer is in the second most frequently diagnosed position in women. This disease is caused by several factors, for example viral infections, smoking, consumption of highly carcinogenic foods, or various other mutagenic substances that cause mutations in the DICER1 gene, resulting in disruption of the cell division process. Cells will divide uncontrollably and continuously. Based on this information, the most appropriate statement to explain the basic process of cancer is: … |
A. Carcinogenic substances stimulate cell mutations so that the process of cell multiplication increases. |
B. Carcinogenic substances stimulate tissue mutations so that the cell multiplication process decreases. |
C. Mutagenic substances cause DNA recombination so that cell proliferation is disrupted. |
D. Carcinogenic substances cause gene mutations so that cell proliferation becomes uncontrolled. |
E. Carcinogenic substances cause DNA recombination so that cell division is disrupted. |
Decision-Making Skill (Question Number 30) |
A woman X is diagnosed with late-stage cervical cancer. The results of the examination showed that the cancer cells showed significant and uncontrolled division, thereby stimulating the formation of tumors and spreading to several surrounding tissues. Based on this information, the best thing that can be done to stop the spread of cancer cells in this patient is … |
A. Surgery to remove cancer cells so that they can stop their spread. |
B. Giving drugs to stimulate the immune system so that the spread of cancer cells can be reduced. |
C. Chemotherapy to stop the spread of cancer cells. |
D. Radiotherapy to inhibit the spread of cancer cells. |
E. Gene therapy uses stem cells to reduce the spread of cells. |