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doi:10.15517/rgac.v66i0.48587

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Artículo • Rev. Geol. Amér. Central (66) • Jan-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.v66i0.48587 linkcopy

Megalonychid Sloths from the Early Late Hemphillian (Late Miocene), Curré Formation, San Gerardo de Limoncito, Costa Rica

Perezosos Megalonychidos del Hemphilliano Tardío Temprano (Mioceno Tardío), Formación Curré, San Gerardo de Limoncito, Costa Rica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A reevaluation of the late Miocene (early late Hemphillian) megalonychid fossils found at San Gerardo de Limoncito, Coto Brus Valley, Costa Rica is presented. These specimens which had previously been referred to Pliometanastes cf. P. protistus, based on a partial mandible and associated teeth material are now considered to belong to the genus Zacatzontli, previously only known from the late Miocene of Mexico and here reported for the first time from Costa Rica. The material is considered to be a new species of Zacatzontli based on a comparison with the type and other members of the Megalonychidae from the Hemphillian of North America as Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis, Pliometanastes protistus and Megalonyx spp.

Keywords: Xenarthra; Megalonychidae; Zacatzontli; Late Miocene: Curré Formation; San Gerardo de Limoncito; Costa Rica

Authorship

Ana L. Valerio

National Museum of Costa Rica (MNCR by its acronym in Spanish), Natural History Department, San Jose, Costa RicaNational Museum of Costa Rica (MNCR by its acronym in Spanish)Costa RicaCosta RicaNational Museum of Costa Rica (MNCR by its acronym in Spanish), Natural History Department, San Jose, Costa Rica

César Laurito

H. Gregory McDonald

Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office, Colorado, USAColorado State OfficeUSAUSABureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office, Colorado, USA

Ascanio D. Rincón

Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC by its acronym in Spanish), Paleontology Laboratory, Ecology Center, Caracas, Venezuela, ascaniodaniel@gmail.comVenezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC by its acronym in Spanish)VenezuelaVenezuelaVenezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC by its acronym in Spanish), Paleontology Laboratory, Ecology Center, Caracas, Venezuela, ascaniodaniel@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Independent consultant, San Jose, Costa RicaIndependent consultantCosta RicaCosta RicaIndependent consultant, San Jose, Costa Rica

Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office, Colorado, USAColorado State OfficeUSAUSABureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office, Colorado, USA

Figures | Tables

Figures (7)
Tables (1)

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Fig. 1
Geographic location of study area and geological map of the San Gerardo de Limoncito area, modified from Denyer & Alvarado (2007).

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Fig. 2
Stratigraphic column and sedimentological interpretation of the locality of San Gerardo de Limoncito, Costa Rica (Laurito & Valerio, 2010) where Zacatzontli cotobrusensis nov. sp. was found.

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Fig. 3
Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp. (CFM2916): 1. Mandible in 2. Computerized Axial Tomography images and 3. X-Ray image; in a. occlusal view, b. lateral lingual view, c. lateral vestibular view and d. transvere section. In 2c and 3c are through the sagittal plane of the alveoli and show the PEF (posteroexternal mandibular foramen), and (2) anterior view. In 1c', 2d' and 2a the PEF and MC (mandibular canal) is highlighted.

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Fig. 4:
Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp.: the CFM-1000 corresponds to a second or third upper molariform and CFM-2917 that corresponds to a first upper molariform in a. occlusal, b. lingual and c. distal views.

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Fig. 5
Measurement ratios among some Megalonychidae, ZT (Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis); ZC (Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp.); PP (Pliometanastes protistus); PG (?Pliometanastes galushai).

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Fig. 6
Comparative biostratigraphic table of the fauna of the San Gerardo de Limoncito locality from southern Costa Rica where Zacatzontli cotobrusensis sp. nov. was found, as defined by the concurrent biochrons of different species of mammals of North American ancestry. In addition, the biostratigraphic range for the Zacatzontli species as indicated, along with the Central and North American localities with which the San Gerardo de Limoncito locality shares faunal elements. The Biochrons indicate a Late Hemphillin age range, which is consistent with the radiometric age of 5.80±- 0.60/-0.80 Ma, Upper Miocene. Based on: MacFadden et al. (2015) on the oldest record of Gomphotherium in Central America; 1. Valerio (2010), Laurito & Valerio (2010), Valerio & Laurito (2020); 2. and 3. Webb & Perrigo (1985), Hulbert (1988); 4. Lucas & Alvarado (2010); 5. Gómez-Pérez & Carbot-Chanona (2018) on the remains of immature individuals of Gomphotherium sp. from the late Miocene of Chiapas, as contemporaneous dental remains with G. hondurensis. Sites from 6. to 20. Carranza-Castañeda et al. (2013), Carranza-Castañeda (2019), also 10. and 11. Dalquest & Mooser (1980); 14. and 15. McDonald & Carranza-Castañeda (2017), Carranza-Castañeda (2018), 16. Montellano-Ballesteros (1997); 21. Lindsay et al. (2006), MacFadden (1984, 1998a and 1998b); 22. Joyce et al. (2012), Prothero & Sheets (2013); 23. Passey et al., 2002, Webb et al. (2008), Doughty et al. (2018), Prothero & Sheets (2013); 24. Hulbert (1988), 25. Doughty (2016) and Doughty et al., 2018; 26. Hulbert & Withmore (2006) and MacFadden & Dobie (1998); 27. Hulbert & Withmore (2006); Prothero & Sheets (2013), Webb et al., 2008, Wright (1989, 1991 and 1998); 28. MacFadden (2008) and Prothero & Sheets (2013); 29. Hulbert (1988), Hulbert & Withmore (2006), Hulbert et al. (2009); 30. and 31. Hulbert & Withmore (2006); 32. and 33. Hulbert (1988) and Hulbert & Whitmore (2006); 34. Hulbert & Whitmore (2006) and Prothero & Sheets (2013) and 35. Wright (1998).

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Fig. 7
Hypothetical paleogeographical reconstruction of the Caribbean Region, Gulf of Mexico and North West of South America at the Upper Miocene. SGL: San Gerardo de Limoncito Locality and site of the found of Zacatzontli cotobrusensis nov. sp. at the Curré Formation. TCOL and SMA correspond to the localities of Tecolotlán and San Miguel de Allende Basins where Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis has been found.

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Table 1
Measurements (in millimeters) of teeth of some North and Central American Megalonychidae.

imageFig. 1 Geographic location of study area and geological map of the San Gerardo de Limoncito area, modified from Denyer & Alvarado (2007). open_in_new

imageFig. 2 Stratigraphic column and sedimentological interpretation of the locality of San Gerardo de Limoncito, Costa Rica (Laurito & Valerio, 2010) where Zacatzontli cotobrusensis nov. sp. was found. open_in_new

imageFig. 3 Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp. (CFM2916): 1. Mandible in 2. Computerized Axial Tomography images and 3. X-Ray image; in a. occlusal view, b. lateral lingual view, c. lateral vestibular view and d. transvere section. In 2c and 3c are through the sagittal plane of the alveoli and show the PEF (posteroexternal mandibular foramen), and (2) anterior view. In 1c', 2d' and 2a the PEF and MC (mandibular canal) is highlighted. open_in_new

imageFig. 4: Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp.: the CFM-1000 corresponds to a second or third upper molariform and CFM-2917 that corresponds to a first upper molariform in a. occlusal, b. lingual and c. distal views. open_in_new

imageFig. 5 Measurement ratios among some Megalonychidae, ZT (Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis); ZC (Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp.); PP (Pliometanastes protistus); PG (?Pliometanastes galushai). open_in_new

imageFig. 6 Comparative biostratigraphic table of the fauna of the San Gerardo de Limoncito locality from southern Costa Rica where Zacatzontli cotobrusensis sp. nov. was found, as defined by the concurrent biochrons of different species of mammals of North American ancestry. In addition, the biostratigraphic range for the Zacatzontli species as indicated, along with the Central and North American localities with which the San Gerardo de Limoncito locality shares faunal elements. The Biochrons indicate a Late Hemphillin age range, which is consistent with the radiometric age of 5.80±- 0.60/-0.80 Ma, Upper Miocene. Based on: MacFadden et al. (2015) on the oldest record of Gomphotherium in Central America; 1. Valerio (2010), Laurito & Valerio (2010), Valerio & Laurito (2020); 2. and 3. Webb & Perrigo (1985), Hulbert (1988); 4. Lucas & Alvarado (2010); 5. Gómez-Pérez & Carbot-Chanona (2018) on the remains of immature individuals of Gomphotherium sp. from the late Miocene of Chiapas, as contemporaneous dental remains with G. hondurensis. Sites from 6. to 20. Carranza-Castañeda et al. (2013), Carranza-Castañeda (2019), also 10. and 11. Dalquest & Mooser (1980); 14. and 15. McDonald & Carranza-Castañeda (2017), Carranza-Castañeda (2018), 16. Montellano-Ballesteros (1997); 21. Lindsay et al. (2006), MacFadden (1984, 1998a and 1998b); 22. Joyce et al. (2012), Prothero & Sheets (2013); 23. Passey et al., 2002, Webb et al. (2008), Doughty et al. (2018), Prothero & Sheets (2013); 24. Hulbert (1988), 25. Doughty (2016) and Doughty et al., 2018; 26. Hulbert & Withmore (2006) and MacFadden & Dobie (1998); 27. Hulbert & Withmore (2006); Prothero & Sheets (2013), Webb et al., 2008, Wright (1989, 1991 and 1998); 28. MacFadden (2008) and Prothero & Sheets (2013); 29. Hulbert (1988), Hulbert & Withmore (2006), Hulbert et al. (2009); 30. and 31. Hulbert & Withmore (2006); 32. and 33. Hulbert (1988) and Hulbert & Whitmore (2006); 34. Hulbert & Whitmore (2006) and Prothero & Sheets (2013) and 35. Wright (1998). open_in_new

imageFig. 7 Hypothetical paleogeographical reconstruction of the Caribbean Region, Gulf of Mexico and North West of South America at the Upper Miocene. SGL: San Gerardo de Limoncito Locality and site of the found of Zacatzontli cotobrusensis nov. sp. at the Curré Formation. TCOL and SMA correspond to the localities of Tecolotlán and San Miguel de Allende Basins where Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis has been found. open_in_new

table_chartTable 1 Measurements (in millimeters) of teeth of some North and Central American Megalonychidae.

Measurements	Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis MPG 1312G	Zacatzontli cotobrusensis n. sp. CFM-2916	Pliometanastes protistus UCMP 97371	?Pliometanastes galushai FAM 77811
Mesiodistal length of alveolus of m2	6.90	10.33	14.90	5.30
Labiolingual width of alveolus of m2	9.60	13.34	21.80	10.00
Mesiodistal length of alveolus of m3	11.10	10.85	19.10	5.30
Labiolingual width of alveolus of m3	8.40	12.41	18.80	10.00
Alveolar length m2-m3	20.50	25.10	-	-
Width of jaw at m2	18.40	22.80	-	-
Depth of jaw at m2	26.20	32.60	-	-
Mediolateral width of ascending ramus at base	10.00	11.60	-	-

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Universidad de Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica. Campus Universitario Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro, San José, CR, 214-2060, 2511-0000, 2511-4000 - E-mail: pdenyer@geologia.ucr.ac.cr

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