Abstract

The reaction against speculative Freemasonry started to appear a few years after its establishment in 1717. This hostility has had different degrees of harshness: from discredit, defamation, or taunt to the most bloodthirsty persecution during the fascist dictatorships. This attitude has also been expressed by minting anti-Masonic medals, which sometimes showed openly belligerent propagandist messages and, other times, mocking representations. At present, these rare pieces are highly prized by Masonic medals collectors.

Keywords: Medal; anti-masonry; propaganda; satire; belligerence