Abstract

(Introduction):  When an oil spill takes place in the soil a weathering process begins that alters the composition of this resource and in advanced stages it may become unrecognizable with respect to the original hydrocarbon, making it difficult to assign responsibilities associated with contaminations of this type.

(Objective):  The present work analyzed the stability of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic isoprenoids in a light crude oil subjected to a soil weathering process under laboratory conditions for a period of one year, to be applied in litigation linked to oil spills and/or thefts.

(Methodology):  Based on this, the profiles of the aforementioned molecules were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry from the crude oil fractions.

(Results):  Then, specific parameters such as Pr/Ph (pristane/phytane), 4-MeDBT/1-MeDBT (methyldibenzothiophenes) and stigmastane C29αS/hopane C30, known as diagnostic ratios, that did not exceed 5 % of their relative standard deviation over the course of one year were calculated. On the other hand, the ratios Pr/n-C17 (pristane/heptadecane), Ph/n-C18 (phytane/octadecane), (n-C13 + n-C14)/(n-C25 + n-C26) and (N0 + N1)/N2 (N = naphthalenes) were the only ones with values above 5 %.

(Conclusions):  These results, plus the analysis of the chromatograms obtained, suggest that both evaporation and biodegradation have altered the overall composition of the crude oil; however, most of the isoprenoids remained unchanged under the test conditions throughout the study time, which demonstrates their ability to solve the problems described.

Keywords: methyldibenzothiophenes; phytane; pristane; steranes; terpanes