Figs. 1-9
Polistinae genera. 1.
Polistes dorsalis propodeal orifice (arrow), dorsal view, followed by first metasomal tergum. 2.
P. erythrocephalus pronotum, lateral view (F = fovea). 3.
Polybia occidentalis propodeal orifice (arrow), dorsal view. 4-6. First metasomal tergum, dorsal view, of Protopolybia acutiscutis (4), Mischocyttarus melanarius (5) and Polybia barbouri (6). 7.
Mischocyttarus basimacula third (3t) and fourth segment (4t) of middle tarsus, dorsal view. 8.
M. fraudulentus metasoma, dorsal view. 9.
Polybia rejecta pronotum, lateral view, showing fovea (arrow).
Figs. 10-16
Polistinae genera. 10-11. Posterior edge of scutellum (S) and metanotum (M), lateral view, of Brachygastra mellifica (10) and Metapolybia aztecoides (11). 12.
Epipona guerini fore coxa, anteroventral view. 13.
Clypearia naumanni gena (G), lateral view. 14.
Agelaia melanopyga mesepisternum dorsal groove (arrow), lateral view. 15.
Apoica pallens ocelli, dorsal view. 16.
Agelaia centralis posterolateral lamella on scutum (arrow), dorsal view.
Figs. 17-23
Polistinae genera. 17.
Parachartergus apicalis curved pronotal carina, lateral view. 18-19. Relative length of prestigma (Pre) vs pterostigma (Pte) in P. fraternus (18) and Charterginus nevermanni (19). 20.
Protopolybia panamensis metanotum with a posteromedial lobe, posterodorsal view. 21.
Polybia parvulina metanotum without posteromedial lobe, posterodorsal view. 22.
Charterginus nevermanni transverse carina (C) in front line separating the first (T1) and second metasomal terga (T2), dorsal view. 23.
Nectarinella championi posterior edge of scutellum (S) and metanotum (M), lateral view.
Figs. 24-30
Polistes species. 24.
P. pacificus mesepisternum showing epicnemial groove (arrow), lateral view, pronotum above. 25-26. Mesosoma (excluding pronotum), lateral view, showing dorsal groove (G) on mesepisternum and striae (S) on propodeum, in P. canadensis (25) and P. goeldii (26). 27.
P. occipitalis head, oblique lateral view, showing flange (arrow) formed by occipital carina. 28-29. Head, lateral view, showing relative extension of occipital carina (arrow indicates ventral limit) in P. pacificus (28) and P. bicolor (29). 30.
P. bicolor first metasomal tergum, lateral view, showing upward slope of about 70° (arrow) beyond reception of propodeal muscle.
Figs. 31-38
Polistes species. 31.
P. deceptor first metasomal tergum, lateral view, showing upward slope of about 45° (arrow) beyond reception of propodeal muscle. 32.
P. oculatus mesoscutum, lateral view, showing conspicuous hairs. 33-34.
P. myersi metasomal color pattern in dorsal (33) and ventral (34) view. 35.
P. myersi propodeal color pattern (arrow), posterodorsal view. 36.
P. versicolor metasomal color pattern, ventral view. 37-38. Malar space, oblique anterior view, showing relative width (hoizontal arrow) and length (vertical arrow) in P. carnifex (37) and P. erythrocephalus (38).
Figs. 39-46
Mischocyttarus species. 39.
M. melanarius fore femur, lateral view, showing groove (G) which delimits a ring (R) at base of femur (next to coxa). 40-41. First metasomal tergum, dorsal view, of M. carbonarius (40) and M. melanarius (41). 42.
M. basimacula pronotum, lateral view, showing fovea (arrow). 43.
M. collarellus head and pronotum, posterodorsal view, showing translucent “windows” (arrows) on raised anterior margin of pronotum. 44.
M. nigroclavatus clypeus, anterior view, showing bidentate apex (arrow). 45-46. Middle tarsus, posterodorsal view, of M. mastigophorus (45) with third segment hardly asymmetrical (arrows) and M. basimacula (46) with third segment distinctly asymmetrical (arrow).
Figs. 47-52
Mischocyttarus species. 47-48. Head and anterior mesosoma, oblique posterodorsal view, of M. pallidipectus (47) with pronotal carina weak laterally (arrow) and M. costaricensis (48) with pronotal carina forming a raised shoulder (arrow). 49.
M. basimacula pronotum, lateral view, showing deep furrow on anterior margin (arrow). 50.
M. basimacula frons and vertex color pattern, anterior view. 51.
M. costaricensis pronotum, lateral view, showing shallow furrow on anterior margin (arrow). 52.
M. costaricensis frons and vertex color pattern, anterior view.
Figs. 53-59
Agelaia species. 53-54. Pronotum, lateral view, showing lamella (L) on anterior margin of A. pleuralis (53) and A. cajennensis (54). 55-56. Head and anterior mesosoma, oblique posterodorsal view, showing angular lateral margin (arrow) of pronotal carina in A. angulicollis (55) and more rounded lateral marigin (arrow) in A. areata (56). 57.
A. xanthopus pronotum, lateral view, showing strongly raised pronotal carina (arrow). 58-59. First metasomal tergum, dorsal view, showing relative width (horizonal arrrow) vs length (vertical arrow) of area behind spiracles in A. areata (58) and A. yepocapa (59).
Figs. 60-67
Apoica, Brachygastra and Chartergellus species. 60.
A. pallida sixth metasomal tergum color pattern, dorsal view. 61.
A. pallida left eye, posterolateral view, showing hairs. 62-63. Scutellum, lateral view, showing rounded margin (arrow) in B. scutellaris (62) and angular margin (arrow) in B. mellifica (63). 64-65. Scutellum, dorsal view, showing emarginate posterior edge (arrow) in B. lecheguana (64) and weakly emarginate posterior edge (arrow) in B. mellifica (65). 66-67. Frons color pattern, anterior view, in C. golfitensis (66) and C. atectus (67).
Figs. 68-75
68. Metapolybia and Parachartergus species. 68. M. mesoamerica propodeum, lateral view, showing erect hairs (arrow). 69-70. Head, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral width (arrows) of gena in M. mesoamerica (69) and M. aztecoides (70). 71. M. aztecoides, pronotum lateral view, showing protruding humerus (arrow). 72-73. Propodeum, posterodorsal view, showing quadrate posterolateral margins in P. fraternus (72) and rounded margins in P. apicalis (73). 74-75. Pronotum, lateral view, showing strongly curved carina (arrow) in P. apicalis (74) and weakly curved carina (arrow) in P. aztecus (75).
Figs. 76-83
Polybia species. 76.
P. emaciata mesoscutum, lateral view, showing short erect hairs. 77-79. First metasomal tergum, dorsal view, of P. nidulatrix (77), P. bistriata (78) and P. selvana (79) showing spiracular area (S) and concavity (C). 80-81. Fore wing basal cell color pattern in P. raui (80) and P. ignobilis (81). 82-83. First metasomal tergum, dorsal view, of P. bifasciata (82) and P. barbouri (83).
Figs. 84-90
Polybia species. 84-87. First metasomal tergum, dorsal view. of P. scrobalis (84), P. plebeja (85), P. belemensis (86), and P. occidentalis (87). 88-89. Shape of the propodeal valvula (arrow), oblique posterior view, of P. bifasciata (88) and P. barbouri (89). 90.
P. occidentalis propodeum, lateral view, showing conspicuous hairs.
Figs. 91-96
Protopolybia species. 91.
P. wheeleri, head and anterior mesosoma, oblique posterodorsal view, showing pointed anterior lateral margin of pronotum (arrow). 92.
P. wheeleri second metasomal tergum color pattern, dorsal view. 93.
P. picteti, head and anterior mesosoma, oblique posterodorsal view, showing rounded anterior lateral margin of pronotum (arrow). 94-96. Head, lateral view, showing width of gena (arrow) and occipital carina (OC) in P. fuscatus (94), P. panamensis (95) and P. acutiscutis (96).
Figs. 97-100
Protopolybia and Synoeca species. 97-98. Metanotal process, posterodorsal view, in P. chartergoides (97) and P. panamensis (98). 99-100. Malar space (arrow), oblique anterior view, in S. chalibea (99) and S. septentrionalis (100).
Claves taxonómicas para las especies de avispas eusociales de Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
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