Abstract

Rickettsiosis represents a zoonosis of intracellular bacterial etiology, which is transmitted by vectors such as arthropods to the skin and then to microvascular endothelial cells. Rocky Mountain Fever caused by Rickettsia rickettsii is the most serious, and it is a disease reported in Costa Rica since 1977. It causes direct endothelial damage associated with the release of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which leads to a vasculitis of the small and medium vessels. The disease is manifested clinically by fever headache, myalgias, gastrointestinal symptoms and a cutaneous rash. The diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, exposure to vectors and the support of laboratory tests; and tetracyclines are the treatment of choice. The objective of this work is to document a case of a Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Costa Rica, to demonstrate the importance of considerate this entity as a differential diagnosis in an acute febrile syndrome.

Key words  Ricketssiarickettssi; rickettssiosis; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; febrile; tests; arthropods; zoonoses