Efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico en el rendimiento deportivo en deportes de equipo: una revisión de la literatura

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doi:10.15359/mhs.22-1.17522

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Artículo • MHSalud 22 (1) • Jan-Jun 2025 • https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.22-1.17522 linkcopiar

Efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico en el rendimiento deportivo en deportes de equipo: una revisión de la literatura

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Introducción: El entrenamiento pliométrico es una metodología que se ha utilizado durante décadas, reportando resultados favorables en diferentes disciplinas deportivas.

Objetivo: Analizar los tipos de evaluación pliométrica y metodologías de entrenamiento más utilizadas en los deportes colectivos de fútbol, baloncesto y voleibol, reportados en la reciente literatura.

Metodología: Diecisiete estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; ocho en voleibol, seis en fútbol y tres en baloncesto.

Resultados: Se reportó efectos significativos (p > 0.05) en pruebas de salto Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Squat Jump, Abalakov, Drop Jump, así como en pruebas de velocidad en diferentes distancias (15-40 m). Los estudios informan de efectos significativos tras 6-8 semanas de entrenamiento, con dos sesiones por semana. No se registraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres.

Conclusiones: El entrenamiento pliométrico produce mejoras en la altura de salto y en la velocidad de corta duración. Se recomienda realizar estudios en los que se puedan aplicar los resultados obtenidos, además de poder combinar el entrenamiento pliométrico con el de fuerza o efectuarlo en diferentes tipos de suelo.

Palabras clave: ejercicio pliométrico; fuerza explosiva; impulso vertical; deportes de equipo

Author (s)	Country	Year	Sex	Age (year)	No. Of Participants	Training Combined	N° Sessions per week	N° Weeks	Control Group	Jumps Evaluation	Results
(Sánchez- Moreno et al., 2018)	Spain	2018	M	22.9±3	11	Yes, with strength	2	6 - 6	Yes	Squat jump CMJ	Significant effects on Squat Jump and Countermovement were reported.
(Izquierdo et al., 2015)	Brazil	2015	M	16.86±0.74	148	Yes, strength	2	6	Yes	Squat Jump Countermovement Abalakov Speed test	Significant effects on maximal strength as well as jumping ability were reported. These improvements in maximal and explosive strength were maintained for several weeks.
(Véliz et al., 2017)(Ahmadi et al., 2021)	Chile	2017	F	13-16	12	No	1	1 día	Yes	Countermovement	No significant effects were found.
	Iran	2021	F	23.5± 2.8 22.7± 2.6	17	No	2	8	No	Countermovement Squat Jump Drop Jump 20 mts. Speed	Significant effects were found after plyometric training on sandy ground.
(Vilela et al., 2021)	Brazil	2021	F	12.18±1.27	78	No	3	8	Yes	Squat Jump Countermovement Abalakov Drop Jump	No significant differences were reported, only small changes.
(Vilela et al., 2017)	Brazil	2017	F	12.18±1.27	72	No	3	8	Yes	Squat Jump Countermovement Drop Jump Elasticity index	No significant effects were reported after training.
(Flores et al., 2015)	Chile	2015	F	15±0.7	9	No	1	7	Yes	Squat Jump CMJ Abalakov	Significant effects were reported after the training period. In Squat Jump jumps, Abalakov Countermovement.
(Pérez, 2012)	Colombia	2012	M	14-16		No	3	6	Yes	Countermovement Abalakov Squat Jump	Significant effects on Abalakov and Countermovement were reported.

Author (s)	Country	Year	Sex	Age (year)	No. of Participants	Combined	N° Sessions per week	N° Weeks	Control Group	Jumps Evaluation	Results
(Beato et al., 2018)	United Kingdom	2017	M	17.6±0.8	21	No	2	6	No	Horizontal jump Speed	Significant post plyometric training improvements in jumping speed and power were reported.
(Haro & Cerón, 2019)	Cuba	2019	F	No indica	18	Yes, strength	2	8	Yes	Squat Jump Speed 40 metres. Jump over box.	Significant post plyometric training improvements in jumping speed and power were reported.
(Hernández & García 2012)	Spain	2021	M	17.29±0.791	40	Yes, strength	2	8	Yes	Loaded jumps Jumps to the bench 40 and 50 cm.	Significant effects were reported in the experimental group post plyometric training.
(Barahona et al., 2019)	Chile	2019	F	14.3±0.7	24	Yes, Hiit	2	8	Yes	Sargent Test	Significant effects were reported following plyometric training combined with Hiit.
(Ramírez-Campillo et al.,2015)	Chile	2015	F	13.06±2.3	24	No	2	6	Yes	Countermovement Drop Jump Speed 10 mts.	Significant effects on jumping were reported.
(Ramirez- Campillo et al., 2018)	Chile	2018	M	21.4±3.2	23	No	2	8	Yes	Countermovement Drop Jump 20 Speed	No significant post plyometric training effects were reported.

Author (s)	Country	Year	Sex	Age (year)	No. of Participants	Combined	N° Sessions per week	N° Weeks	Control Group	Jumps Evaluation	Results
(Fernández et al., 2020)	Brazil	2020	M and F	15.83 ±0.75 14.45 ±0.69	39	No	2	6	Yes	Squad Jump Countermovement	Significant improvements were reported post plyometric training. In both CMJ and SJ.
(Sánchez et al., 2021)	Spain	2021	F	23.00 ±2.94	36	Combined with strength	2	6	Yes	Countermovement	Significant effects on post plyometric performance combined with strength training were reported.
(Delgado et al., 2011)	Chile	2011	M and F	22.7 ± 2.9	14	No	2	8	Yes	Squat Jump Countermovement Abalakov	Significant post plyometric training effects were reported only in Jumping vs. movement.

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Escuela de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Núñez, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Heredia, Heredia, Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica, CR, 86-3000, 2562-4779, 2261-0032 - E-mail: revistamhsalud@una.cr

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