Abstract

Justification:  Currently, the largest number of cardiac surgeries performed worldwide are performed with cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp, which leads to a series of pathophysiological alterations that are important for health personnel involved in the care of these patients.

Objective:  To describe the profile and risk factors present in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and the existence of a potential relationship between the cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross clamping time, with the use of post clamp defibrillations, pharmacological cardiovascular support, plasma lactate behavior and mortality.

Methods:  An observational and descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 104 elective patients, undergoing surgical intervention and cardiopulmonary bypass at Hospital México, from October 2016 to November 2017. The study population was characterized, risk factors were analyzed including EuroSCORE I and II, CPB time, aortic cross clamping time, post-aortic clamping defibrillation, lactate immediately after extracorporeal circulation and at 2, 6, 24 hours postoperatively, use of pharmacological cardiovascular support in continuous infusion after extracorporeal circulation and mortality at 30 days.

Results:  The mean age was 56.4 years, the male sex predominated (69%) and arterial hypertension was the most frequent risk factor (76.07%). Aortic cross clamp time of less than 100 min was recorded in 61 patients (58.65%) and greater than that time in 43 patients (41.35%). The average EuroSCORE I was 4.21% (SD: 4.80), while the EuroSCORE II was 2.37% (SD: 2.41). The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 129 minutes (SD: 36.88) and aortic cross clamp time was 94 minutes (SD: 32.04). There was a lactate peak at 6 postoperative hours (5.13 mmol/L, SD: 2.89); 8.65% of patients were defibrillated after removal the clamp in the aorta; pharmacological cardiovascular support was used in 16.35% and surgical mortality was 1.92%.

Conclusions:  In this study, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross clamp time together with the use of inotropics, vasoconstrictors, hyperlactatemia and surgical mortality did not reach a significant relationship.

Keywords: hyperlactatemia; inotropes; vasoconstrictors agents; cardiopulmonary bypass; cardiac electroversion; Costa Rica